Aya masezerano ni intambwe itigeze ibaho mu rwego rwo gukumira umwanda wa plastike ku isi.Patrizia Heidegger atanga raporo avuye mu cyumba cy'inama cya UNEA i Nairobi.
Impagarara n'ibyishimo mucyumba cy'inama birashoboka.Icyumweru kimwe nigice cyimishyikirano ikomeye, akenshi kugeza mugitondo cya kare, iryamye inyuma yintumwa.Abaharanira inyungu n'abavoka bicaye bafite ubwoba mu ntebe zabo.Bageze i Nairobi muri Kenya, mu nama ya 5 y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije (UNEA) kugira ngo barebe ko guverinoma zemeranya ku cyemezo bakoreyemo imyaka myinshi: inyandiko ivuga ko hashyirwaho komite mpuzamahanga y’imishyikirano (INC) kugira ngo ikore a kubahiriza amategeko, amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo gukumira umwanda wa plastike.
Igihe Perezida wa UNEA, Bart Espen Eide, Minisitiri w’ibidukikije muri Noruveje, akanda kuri gavel maze atangaza ko icyemezo cyafashwe, amashyi y’ibyishimo ndetse n’ibyishimo mu cyumba cy'inama.Ubutabazi buri mumaso yabarwaniye cyane, bamwe bafite amarira yibyishimo mumaso yabo.
Igipimo cyibibazo byanduye bya plastike
Toni zirenga miliyoni 460 za metero za plastiki zikorwa buri mwaka, 99% biva mu bicanwa.Nibura toni miliyoni 14 zirangirira mu nyanja buri mwaka.Plastike igizwe na 80% by'imyanda yose yo mu nyanja.Kubera iyo mpamvu, buri mwaka inyamaswa zo mu nyanja zicwa.Microplastique yabonetse mu moko atabarika yo mu mazi, mu maraso y'abantu no mu gihe cyo gutwita.Hafi ya 9% ya plastike yongeye gukoreshwa kandi umusaruro wisi yose wakomeje kwiyongera uko umwaka utashye.
Umwanda wa plastike ni ikibazo cyisi yose.Ibicuruzwa bya plastiki bifite isoko ryisi yose hamwe nuruhererekane rwagaciro.Imyanda ya plastiki yoherezwa kumugabane.Imyanda yo mu nyanja ntabwo izi imipaka.Nkikibazo gihangayikishije abantu, ikibazo cya plastike gisaba ibisubizo byisi kandi byihutirwa.
Kuva mu nama yatangizwa mu 2014, UNEA yagiye ihamagarira abantu gukora ibikorwa.Itsinda ryinzobere ku myanda yo mu nyanja na microplastique ryashyizweho mu nama yaryo ya gatatu.Muri UNEA 4 muri 2019, amashyirahamwe y’ibidukikije n’abayunganira basunikiraga cyane kugira ngo bumvikane ku masezerano - kandi guverinoma ntiyabyemera.Nyuma yimyaka itatu, manda yo gutangira imishyikirano nitsinzi ikomeye kuri bariya bakangurambaga badacogora.
Inshingano ku isi
Sosiyete sivile yagiye irwana cyane kugira ngo manda ifate inzira y'ubuzima ikubiyemo ibyiciro byose byo gukora plastike, gukoresha, gutunganya no gutunganya imyanda.Umwanzuro urasaba ko amasezerano yo guteza imbere umusaruro urambye no gukoresha plastiki, harimo no gushushanya ibicuruzwa, kandi bikagaragaza uburyo ubukungu buzenguruka.Sosiyete sivile kandi yashimangiye ko ayo masezerano agomba kwibanda ku kugabanya umusaruro wa pulasitike no gukumira imyanda, cyane cyane kurandura burundu plastiki imwe: gutunganya ibicuruzwa byonyine ntibizakemura ikibazo cya plastiki.
Byongeye kandi, manda irenze imyumvire yambere yamasezerano akubiyemo imyanda yo mu nyanja gusa.Ubu buryo bwaba ari amahirwe yabuze yo gukemura umwanda wa plastike mubidukikije ndetse no mubuzima bwose.
Aya masezerano kandi agomba kwirinda ibisubizo bitari byo ku kibazo cya plastiki no guhanagura ibyatsi, harimo n’ibinyoma bivugwaho ko byongera gukoreshwa, ibinyabuzima bishingiye ku binyabuzima cyangwa ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika cyangwa gutunganya imiti.Igomba guteza imbere udushya twuzuza uburozi no kongera gukoresha sisitemu.Igomba kandi gushyiramo ibipimo ngenderwaho bya plastiki nkibikoresho no gukorera mu mucyo, hamwe n’imbogamizi ku bintu byongera ingaruka mbi kuri plastiki ku bukungu bw’umuzingi udafite uburozi mu byiciro byose by’ubuzima bwa plastiki.
Icyemezo giteganya ko Komite itangira imirimo yayo mu gice cya kabiri cya 2022. Kugeza mu 2024, igamije kurangiza imirimo yayo no kwerekana amasezerano yo gusinya.Niba iyo ngengabihe ikomeje, irashobora kuba imishyikirano yihuse yamasezerano akomeye y’ibidukikije.
Kumuhanda (bumpy) kugirango ucike kuri plastiki
Abakangurambaga n’abaharanira inyungu ubu bakwiriye kwishimira iyi ntsinzi.Ariko ibirori nibimara kurangira, abashaka kugabanya umwanda wa pulasitike bagomba gukora cyane mu myaka ya 2024: bagomba kurwanira igikoresho gikomeye gifite uburyo bunoze bwo kubahiriza, igikoresho kizaganisha ku kintu gikomeye kugabanya umusaruro wa plastike ubanza kandi bizagabanya ubwinshi bwimyanda ya plastike.
Ati: “Iyi ni intambwe y'ingenzi iganisha ku iterambere, ariko twese tuzi ko inzira yo gutsinda izagorana kandi itoroshye.Ibihugu bimwe, byotswa igitutu n’ibigo bimwe na bimwe, bizagerageza gutinza, kurangaza cyangwa gutesha agaciro inzira cyangwa lobby kugirango bigerweho nabi.Ibikomoka kuri peteroli na fosile birashoboka ko byamagana ibyifuzo byo kugabanya umusaruro.Turahamagarira guverinoma zose guharanira imishyikirano yihuse kandi ishimishije no guharanira ijwi rikomeye ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta ishinzwe ibidukikije ndetse na sosiyete sivile yagutse ”, ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Piotr Barczak, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe politiki y’imyanda n’ubukungu bw’ibidukikije hamwe n’ikigo cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi gishinzwe ibidukikije (EEB).
Abakangurambaga bagomba kandi kureba niba abo baturage bangijwe cyane na plastiki babona icyicaro ku meza: abahuye n’umwanda uva mu biribwa bya pulasitiki n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli, hamwe n’imyanda, imyanda, gutwika ku mugaragaro plastiki, ibikoresho bitunganyirizwamo imiti n’ibitwikwa;abakozi basanzwe kandi badasanzwe hamwe nabatoragura imyanda kumurongo wa plastiki, bagomba kuba bafite umutekano muke kandi ufite umutekano;kimwe n'amajwi y'abaguzi, Abasangwabutaka hamwe n'abaturage batunzwe n'umutungo wo mu nyanja n'inzuzi byangijwe n'umwanda wa plastike no gucukura peteroli.
Yakomeje agira ati: "Kwemera ko iki kibazo kigomba gukemurwa mu nzego zose z’agaciro ka plastiki ni intsinzi ku matsinda n’abaturage bahanganye n’ibyaha by’inganda za pulasitike n’ibitekerezo by’ibinyoma.Urugendo rwacu rwiteguye gutanga umusanzu muri iki gikorwa no gufasha kumenya ko amasezerano yavuyemo azakumira kandi ahagarike umwanda wa plastike. ”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-13-2022
